نموذج استرشادي لمادة تمريض المسنين2
Part I: write (T) if the statement is true, and write (F) if the statement is false:
NO. | Statement | T / F |
1. | According classification of aging, the middle elderly ages 75–84 and older. | |
2. | Comorbidity is the simultaneous presence of multiple chronic conditions. | |
3. | Perceived age is another term that is used to describe how people estimate a person’s age based on appearance. | |
4. | Nocturnal enuresis is episodic of urinary incontinence while asleep. It is normal in young children. | |
5. | Gradual loss of nephrons (35% to 50%) lead to decrease glomerular filtration. | |
6. | Two ureters which carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. | |
7. | Administration of tobacco which stimulates acid release and
antacids to reduce acidity. |
|
8. | Calcitonin secreted by the thyroid gland in response to elevated blood calcium levels. | |
9. | The incidence of malignant lesions of oral cavity rises sharply with age. | |
10. | Joint pain is usually worse later in the day and occur after long periods of activity. | |
11. | Humeral immunity increases with age cause an increased susceptibility to disease. | |
12. | Genetic theorists believe that individuals inherit a genetic program that determines life expectancy. | |
13. | The organs affected from free radicals are the skin, blood vessel walls, musculoskeletal system, and the lens of the eye. | |
14. | Autonomy is supported by informed consent and patient and family education. | |
15. | Social abuse includes behaviors or actions that prevent the basic social needs of an older adult from being met. | |
16. | Fidelity refers to health care professionals have an ethical obligation to good stewardship of both the patient’s and the organization’s funds. | |
17. | Unexplained falls and injuries are indicators of psychological abuse. | |
18. | Elder abuse victims need home support services, safety, shelter, and access to financial resources to meet their needs. | |
19. | Decrease in lean body mass and redistribution of fat around internal organs lead to decreased caloric requirements among elderly. | |
20. | For older adults, the consumed fats should be polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids. | |
21. | These anti angina drugs (nitrates) relax the smooth muscle layer of arterial blood vessels causing vasoconstriction. | |
22. | Myocardial Infarction) occurs when areas of the heart are deprived of blood, causing tissue death and destruction. | |
23. | Garlic Plays an important role in the rebuilding of blood cells, and detoxification. | |
24. | The broncheoli are tiny sacs (air sacs) delineated by a single-layer membrane with blood capillaries at the other end. | |
25. | With aging The alveoli ducts become stretched, causing the alveoli enlarge or tear. |
Part II: Read the following statements and circle only one best answer:
1- Alternatives to institutions services for the elderly include:
- Home health services.
- Sheltered housing.
- Nursing homes.
- Hospice care.
2- One of the factors that affect the aging process include:
- Social condition.
- Insufficient sleep.
- Improper exercise.
- Lifelong patterns.
3- Factors affect the practice of gerontological nursing:
- Roles and standers for care.
- Accept concept of change.
- Increase risk for infection.
- Low physical function.
4- Causes of urinary tract infection include:
- Urinary catheters.
- Parkinson’s disease.
- Strokes and spinal cord injury.
- Enlarged prostate.
5-Weakness of pelvic floor muscles leads to:
- More time needed for filtration.
- Increased incidence of urinary incontinence.
- Urine may be more diluted.
- Decrease removal of body wastes.
6- Causes of urinary incontinence include:
- Urinary catheters.
- Diabetes.
- Enlarged prostate.
- Being uncircumcised.
7-Hiatal Hernia is:
- protrusion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity.
- protrusion of the large intestine into the small intestine.
- protrusion of the stomach into the small intestine.
- protrusion of the small sac into the stomach.
8- The disorder associated with musculoskeletal system is:
- Impaired mobility.
- Increased risk of fall.
- Rheumatoid arthritis.
- Increased risk of fracture.
9- Symptoms of osteoarthritis include:
- Gradual loss of height.
- Rounding of the shoulders.
- Early morning stiffness.
- Acute lower backache.
10- With ageing the muscle mass and tone affect in the older adult:
- Gait balance
- Increased muscle rigidity.
- Replaced fatty tissues to fibrous connective tissue.
- Decrease collagen formation.
11- Disengagement theory of aging include:
- This theory views aging as a process of withdrawal from life.
- This theory suggests ways of maintaining activity in the presence of multiple losses associated with the aging process.
- According to this theory, successful aging depends on the individual’s ability to maintain and continue previous behavior patterns.
- This theory states that aging occurs because of a increase in the activity of the immune system.
12- Genetic theory of aging include:
- believe that individuals inherit a genetic program that determines life expectancy.
- holds that aging is a result of a decrease in cellular division caused by a cross-linking agent attaching itself to a DNA strand
- states that aging occurs because of a decrease in the activity of the immune system
- attribute aging to the wear and tear on the body over time
13- Moral principles include:
- Advanced directive
- Informed consent
- Confidentiality
- Use of restraining devices.
14- Legal and ethical issues of interest to gerontological nurses:
- advocacy
- Autonomy
- fidelity
- Artificial Nutrition and Hydration.
15- Ethical concepts are:
- human-made rules capable of being changed by the legislative and judiciary systems of the country.
- principles that facilitate decision making and guide our professional behavior.
- based on the principles of conduct that govern both individuals and groups.
- Provides a binding foundation of rules that will guide your work
16- Physical abuse:
- Is the use of force to harm or to threaten harm.
- Is the willful infliction of mental or emotional anguish by threat, humiliation, or other verbal or nonverbal conduct.
- behaviors or actions that prevent the basic social needs of an older adult from being met.
- Is the illegal or improper use of an older person’s funds, property, and resources.
17- Indicators of neglect:
- Absence of necessary medication
- Irregularities on tax return.
- Ridicule
- Cuts puncture wounds, burns, bruises, welts
18- Age related changes that affect nutrition:
- Taste & smell.
- Loss of teeth & poor fitting denture.
- Gastric secretion→ influence in absorption of B12, folic acid& iron.
- Visual acuity
19- Daily energy intake for elderly women declined by:
- 600 calories
- 1000 calories
- 1200 calories
- 1500 calories
20-The recommended daily protein intake for elderly is:
- 1 gm/kg of body weight
- 2 gm/kg of body weight
- 3 gm/kg of body weight
- 5 gm/kg of body weight
21- Age changes of heart include:
- natural pacemaker system develop fibrous tissue and fat deposits and lose some of its cells.
- slight decrease in the size of the heart, especially the left ventricle
- regular rhythms
- The heart muscle cells degenerate progressively
22- Age – changes of the blood vessels include:
- The baroreceptors become more sensitive with aging
- The capillary walls thicken slightly. This may cause a slightly slower rate of exchange of nutrients and wastes.
- The main artery from the heart (aorta) becomes thinner, stiffer, and more flexible
- Most elderly people have a moderate decrease in blood pressure.
23- Age-related changes of the respiratory system:
- increases in peak airflow and gas exchange
- Weakening of the respiratory muscles
- The walls of the alveoli become thicker,
- The number of capillaries surrounding the alveoli increase.
24- COPD in its early stages usually manifests in symptoms:
- dyspnea on exertion
- wheezing
- heomoptosis
- chest pain
25- Emphysema is a condition affecting the:
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Alveoli
- Pleural cavity